1. SQL Injection

SQL injection occurs when an attacker inserts malicious SQL code into a web application's database query. This allows them to view, modify, or delete data, potentially exposing sensitive information.

2. Command Injection

This vulnerability arises when an attacker can inject malicious commands, which are then executed by the web application. This may allow unauthorized access to sensitive information, arbitrary code execution, or a denial of service attack.

3. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

XSS enables attackers to inject malicious scripts, like JavaScript, into web pages viewed by other users. This could lead to the theft of sensitive information like cookies or login credentials.

4. Remote File Injection (RFI)

RFI occurs when an attacker injects a remote file into a web application, which the system then executes. This could allow unauthorized access, code execution, or a denial of service attack.

5. Local File Injection (LFI)

LFI lets attackers read sensitive files on a web server. This could include configuration files, logs, or even source code. It typically occurs when an application uses user-supplied input to construct a file path without proper validation.

6. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

CSRF allows an attacker to execute unauthorized actions on behalf of an authenticated user, without their knowledge. This could include making unauthorized transactions or changing account settings.

7. Sensitive Data Exposure

This vulnerability involves the insecure storage or transmission of sensitive data like personal or financial information. It may occur due to weak encryption methods or sending data over an unencrypted connection.

8. Weak Authentication

Weak authentication occurs when an application fails to adequately verify a user's identity. This could be due to the use of easily guessable passwords or insufficient verification procedures.

9. Authorization Failure

This vulnerability arises when an application fails to restrict access to sensitive resources or functions. Unauthorized users could access sensitive data or perform privileged actions.

10. Validation Failure

Validation failure happens when an application fails to properly validate user input, allowing attackers to inject malicious code. This could lead to data theft or unauthorized account access.

11. Session Failure

This involves poor session management by the application, potentially allowing session hijacking or session fixation attacks.

12. Invalid HTTPS Certificate

An invalid HTTPS certificate means the certificate used to establish a secure connection is neither valid nor trusted.

13. Weak HTTPS Configurations

This vulnerability involves improper configuration of HTTPS settings on a web server, potentially compromising the encrypted connection insecure.

14. CMS Vulnerability

CMS vulnerabilities pertain to security weaknesses in Content Management Systems. These could be exploited to gain unauthorized access to the CMS or the website it manages.

15. Plugin Vulnerabilities

These vulnerabilities could be exploited to gain unauthorized access to the CMS or the website it manages.

16. Extension Vulnerabilities

Extension vulnerabilities involve security flaws in browser extensions, which could be exploited to gain unauthorized access to the browser or computer.

17. Broken Access Control

This vulnerability allows an attacker to bypass or circumvent access controls, often due to weak authentication and authorization mechanisms or flawed access controls.

The Scale of the Issue

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) database has cataloged over 200,000 known vulnerabilities. This staggering numbers might seem overwhelming, especially for organizations without large cybersecurity teams. However, tools like VScanner can assist in identifying these vulnerabilities and prioritizing remediation efforts.

Conclusion

Understanding the most common web application vulnerabilities is the first step in safeguarding your digital assets. By familiarizing yourself with these vulnerabilities and using tools like VScanner, even smaller companies can manage the risks associated with web applications. In the world of cyber threats, knowledge and preparation are your best defense.

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